Pergola size
Typical residential pergolas are 10×10 or 12×12. Post height of 8-10 feet keeps the structure proportional and easy to walk under.
Lumber sizes
6×6 is the standard for residential pergolas. 4×4 works only for small structures under 8 ft span. 8×8 is for show or very large spans.
2×8 is the most common rafter size for spans up to 12 ft. Use 2×10 or 2×12 for spans over 12 ft, or for snow load areas.
Roof rafters
16-inch spacing is the most common pergola look. Closer spacing gives more shade but uses more lumber.
Wood type
Pressure-treated pine is the cheapest and most common. Cedar and redwood look better and resist rot naturally. Composite is the most expensive but lowest maintenance.
Materials needed
Posts
0
posts at length
Support beams
0
beams
Rafters
0
spanning width
Cross purlins
0
2×2 cross pieces
Hardware and concrete
Post bases
0
galvanized anchors
Concrete
0 bags
60 lb bags for footings
Lag bolts
0
1/2 x 6 with washers
Deck screws
0 lbs
3″ exterior screws
Quantities include 10% waste for cuts and mistakes. Footings should extend below frost line – typically 30 to 48 inches deep depending on region. Always check local building codes; many jurisdictions require permits for pergolas over 100 sq ft or attached to the house.